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What are the effects of efflorescence on concrete’s pH?
Efflorescence, the white powdery deposits often seen on concrete surfaces, occurs when water-soluble salts migrate to the surface and crystallize. This phenomenon not only affects the appearance of concrete but also influences its pH levels.
Concrete is naturally alkaline, typically with a pH between 12 and 13. However, efflorescence can slightly reduce this alkalinity over time. When water evaporates from the concrete, it leaves behind salts like calcium carbonate, which can react with atmospheric carbon dioxide. This reaction forms weak carbonic acid, neutralizing some of the concrete’s alkalinity.
While the pH reduction due to efflorescence is usually minor, it can accelerate surface degradation in extreme cases. Prolonged exposure to efflorescence may lead to micro-cracking or increased porosity, making the concrete more susceptible to corrosion and freeze-thaw damage.
To mitigate these effects, proper sealing, improved drainage, and the use of low-alkali cement can help minimize salt migration. Understanding the relationship between efflorescence and pH is crucial for maintaining durable concrete structures.
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