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What are the effects of alkali-silica reaction in concrete?
The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical process that occurs in concrete when reactive silica in aggregates reacts with alkalis from cement. This reaction forms a gel-like substance that absorbs water and expands, leading to internal pressure within the concrete. Over time, this expansion causes cracking, spalling, and significant structural damage.
One of the most visible effects of ASR is map-like cracking on the concrete surface, which compromises both aesthetics and structural integrity. The reaction also reduces the concrete's durability, making it more susceptible to freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion, and other environmental stresses. In severe cases, ASR can lead to complete structural failure, requiring costly repairs or replacements.
Preventing ASR involves using low-alkali cement, non-reactive aggregates, or supplementary materials like fly ash or slag to mitigate the reaction. Proper mix design and construction practices are essential to minimize the risks associated with ASR. Understanding these effects helps engineers and builders create more resilient and long-lasting concrete structures.
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