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What are the effects of alkali-silica reaction in concrete?
The alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical process that occurs in concrete when reactive silica in aggregates reacts with alkalis present in cement. This reaction forms a gel-like substance that absorbs water and expands, leading to significant structural issues over time.
One of the primary effects of ASR is the formation of map-like cracks on the concrete surface. These cracks not only compromise the aesthetic appeal but also reduce the material's durability. Additionally, the expansion caused by the gel exerts internal pressure, resulting in spalling and deformation of concrete elements.
ASR also weakens the mechanical properties of concrete, reducing its compressive and tensile strength. This degradation can jeopardize the structural integrity of buildings, bridges, and pavements, leading to costly repairs or replacements.
To mitigate ASR, engineers use low-alkali cement, supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash, or non-reactive aggregates. Proper mix design and preventive measures are crucial in minimizing the long-term impact of this destructive reaction.
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